Category: Uncategorized
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How is bad breath generated?
How is bad breath generated? Halitosis, also known as bad breath, is a problem that affects almost 30% of the adult population. It is defined as the set of unpleasant odors that are emitted through the mouth, either punctually or permanently.1 90% of the causes of halitosis originate in the mouth2. There are several possible…
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Breath Diseases: Asthma + COPD
Diseases: Asthma + COPD Asthma is a chronic disease that affects the airways in the lungs. It causes these airways to swell and tighten, resulting in shortness of breath such as wheezing, chest tightness and coughing1,2. These symptoms can be from the inhalation of substances that are called allergens or triggers, although they can also…
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Blood-related diseases
Blood-related diseases Leukemia is part of the group of malignant diseases of the bone marrow. Bone marrow is a soft tissue found in the center of bones, which is where blood cells are formed.2 Leukemia is often called white blood because leukocytes are involved. White blood cells help fight infection and generally grow and divide…
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Blood Physicochemical properties
Physicochemical properties Blood is red in color due to the presence of the hemoglobin pigment contained in the erythrocytes, which transports oxygen.Two types of blood are differentiated depending on whether it is carried by an artery or a vein. If the blood is transported by a vein, it is called deoxygenated venous blood as it…
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Blood components
Blood components Blood is made up of a mixture of liquid and cells that circulate through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The liquid part is called plasma and the cells that make up the blood are called red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets1. To understand them better we will…
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Bladder cancer and urine
Bladder cancer and urine Bladder cancer is a very common disease that begins in the cells of the bladder. The bladder is the organ in charge of urine storage. It is an empty and flexible muscle1. In men it is located in front of the rectum, while in women it is located before the vagina.…
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What is a biofluid?
What is a biofluid? A biofluid is a water-based liquid that contains solutes essential to body functions, thus makes highly variable the chemical composition of them, as it is dependent on which portion of body is located. The concept of fluid is often confused with that of liquid, but in fact, a fluid can be…
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Which are the main components of urine?
Which are the main components of urine? Water accounts for about 91-96% of urine. The remaining 5% consists of electrolytes, solutes derived from cellular metabolism and exogenous substances such as drugs. Typical normal solutes in urine are: filtered and secreted electrolytes that are not reabsorbed, urea (from protein breakdown), creatinine (from breakdown of creatine phosphate…
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Physicochemical properties of urine
Physicochemical properties of urine Color The normal color of urine changes from light yellow to dark brown, and is determined by a pigment called “Urochrome” and how dilute or concentrated the urine is1.Pigments and other compounds presented in certain foods and medications can change the color of urine. An unusual urine color may denote a…
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How is urine produced?
How is urine produced? The formation of urine is a process that takes place in the kidneys, which do the main work of the urinary system activity. Their functions are1: Therefore, we can affirm that the kidneys have a role that goes beyond the excretion of substances and wastes, as is commonly known, since they…